The Zoo Story

Name : Yuni Prihartanti
NIM : A320080003
Class : B

The Zoo Story
Drama Assignment
A.Structural Element
1.Character and Characterization
a. The Major Character
1)Jerry who is slightly younger than Peter. He is a handsome man who had a trim and lightly muscled body. He is a lower middle class man who has no job and lives in a slum apartment. He is uneducated man and also a homosexual man. He is a homosexual and a temperamental man.
2)Peter who is 40 years old, he is neither fat nor gaunt, and also he is neither neither handsome nor homely. He is an educated man and he is comes from high class society.
b. The Minor Character
1) Colored Queen
2) Puerto Rican Family
3) The Landlady
4) The Girl

2.Plot
One day, Jerry sits on a bench in the Central Park and there he comes across Peter. The two men are strangers but later they introduce themselves to each other and keep the conversation going. One thing Jerry always insists Peter to know is that he has been to the zoo. He tells the new friend about animals at the zoo. The two are involved in a long various chats until at a point; Jerry tickles Peter’s ribs, driving Peter into almost hysterical laughter. He pokes and forces Peter to move down the bench. Peter decides to fight for the bench, but when Jerry clicks open a knife and tosses it at him, Peter refuses to pick it up. Jerry rushes over, grabs him by the collar, slaps him, spits on his face, and forces Peter to dart for the knife. Eventually Jerry commits to suicide. However, it's by the hand of Peter.

3.Setting
a.Setting of place is on a bench of New York City’s central park, it is Peter’s favorite place.
b.Setting of time is on Sunday afternoon in summer.

4.Point of View
Jerry is the major character and he is the first person.

5.Style
The author used standard grammatical structure.

6.Theme
The main theme of this drama is about the bad side from the social gap between the upper and lower social class. So, it caused Jerry wants to kill himself by using Peter’s hand.

B.Technical Element
1.Mise-en-scene
a.Costumes and Make-up
1)Peter is about forty years old and he also neat in his appearance. He wears tweeds, smoke a pipe, carries horn-rimmed glasses.
2)Jerry is younger than Peter. He is a lower middle class man and he is uneducated man. He is a good looking man. He is a homosexual. He wears carelessly clothes.
b. Set Dressing and Props
Set of Property are the bench of the zoo and the knife.
c.Lighting
There is difficult to analyze the lighting, but in this script we can show there is has natural lighting like on Sunday afternoon in summer.

C.Conclusion
The man faced society or man to society

The Proposal

Name : Yuni Prihartanti
NIM : A320080003
Class : B
DRAMA ASSIGNMENT
“The Proposal”
A.Structural Element
1.Narrative Element

a.Character and Characterization
1) Stepan Stepanovitch Chubukov, a landowner, he is approximately 70 years old. Talkative and polite man but if he was in angry he can say the dirty talk. He also a pet lover.
2) Natalya Stepanovna, Stepan’s daughter, she is approximately 25-30 years old. She is a smart girl, pet lover and never gives up girl.
3) Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov, Stepan’s neighbour, he is a 35 years old, a large and hearty, but very suspicious landowner. He is also an arrogant man and pet lover.

b.Plot
Ivan comes to Chubukov to ask the hand of his daughter, Natalya. They are talking politely. At first time Chubukov doesn’t know what Ivan purpose, because he thinks that Ivan comes for borrow money. But the fact Ivan wants to marry Natalya. After Ivan meets Natalya, they are talking politely. But the conflict started when Ivan talks about he was the owner of Oxen Meadows. Natalya cannot accept that, because she knows that Oxen Meadows was own by two family, Chubukov family and Ivan Family. Chubukov also proved it but Ivan still in his mind that he was the owner. They are said with dirty talk to each other. Finally Ivan was going home disappointedly. Natalya confused with Ivan, and what his purpose why he came to see her. After she knows what Ivan purpose from his father, she was lay down and shock. She wants Ivan back to her, and not long time Ivan back to her. They started talking again, but the conflict start in different topic. Now their topic is whom dog are better, Squeezer or Guess. Both of them looked no one to give up. They are said dirty talk to other, it also Chubukov. Then finally Chubukov explain that his daughter willing Ivan’s ask to marry Natalya. Chubukov wants to stop the conflict and celebrate with drinking champagne together but the conflict of Ivan and Natalya are continued.

c.Setting
Chubukov’s country-house.

d.Point of View
Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov is the major character and he is the first person.

e.Theme
The basic idea of “The Proposal” is the third character is madness and said dirty talk, if they are in provoke. But it is happy in the end.

2.Technical Element
a.Casting
It was difficult to analyze casting, because the story still in script.

b.Mise en-Scene
1.Set Dressing and Props
Ivan Vassilevitch Lomov wears a formal dress like dress-jacket and white gloves. It also Natalya and Chubukov, they wear a set dress in approximately 1960’s to 1070’s, but not to formally like Ivan’s dress.
2.Costumes and Make-up
Ivan’s make up is like a 35 years old man, a handsome man, educated and clever. Natalya is a smart girl she is educated and pretty, her make up is approximately 25-30 years old woman. Chubukov’s make up is like a 70 years old man, he looks wise and good father for Natalya.

3.Lighting
There is difficult to analyze the lighting, but in this script we can show there is has natural lighting like the sunshine in the morning.

c.Cinematography
It was difficult to analyze the cinematography because it told about the shot of the scene of drama when it had performance, such as Photographic Qualities of Shot, Framing of Shot, and The Duration of Shot.

d.Sound
It also difficult to analyze the sound of this drama, but the suitable sound to this drama is sad song or dramatic sound.

e.Editing
It was difficult to analyze the editing because has relation with selection process and camera takes in drama.

B.Conclusion
The conclusion of the drama of “The Proposal” is the man faced to society or man to society.

Death of a Salesman

Name : Yuni Prihartanti
NIM : A320080003
Class : B
DRAMA ASSIGNMENT
“Death of Salesman”
A.Structural Element
1.Narrative Element

a.Character and Characterization
* Major Characters
1) Willy Loman, he is a 63 year old once popular salesman who’s lost his popularity and sales, not to mention his mind.
2) Biff Loman, he is a 34 year old son of Willy who has been searching for himself while working on farms in the west to the dismay of his father.
3) Happy Loman, he is the younger brother of Biff who tries in all he can to please his father and attempts to continue his father’s dream after he dies.
4) Linda Loman, she is Willy’s wife who tries to protect Willy’s feelings and can’t make herself confront him if it means hurting his feelings.
* Minor Characters
1) Bernard, he is a bookish friend of Biff and Happy who urges Biff to study in high school to no avail, however, he himself makes it as a prominent lawyer and goes to argue a case to the Supreme Court at the end of the play.
2) Charley, he is Bernard’s father who is fairly successful and offers Willy a job which Willy refuses on the basis of pride.

b.Plot
Willy has a flashback of a time when Biff and Happy were promising high school students. Willy wants to give his sons a punching bag.  Happy asks him why he didn’t go to New England for his business trip.  Willy explains that he almost hit a kid in Yonkers.  He also tells his sons of his brother Ben who made a fortune on a trip to Africa. Then, Bernard’s father comes to Willy’s house at night complaining of not being able to sleep. Willy regrets that he stayed in American while he could have gone to Alaska or Africa with his brother and made a fortune. Biff saws his father imaginary, then talks his mother and asks her about Willy’s condition.  Linda explains that she can’t bring herself to confront Willy about it.  She also tells Biff that Willy has attempted suicide by crashing the car several times.  The next day Willy goes to Howard and Biff goes to see Oliver.  Biff tries to tell Willy that he didn’t get the money and that he stole a fountain pen from Bill.  However, Happy is at the same time lying to Willy that Bill warmly welcomed Biff.  Willy apparently accepts Happy’s version.  Willy tells his sons that he was fired and falls into his reverie having a flashback of the time Biff caught him in his affair.  He remembers that it was that moment that Biff’s life ended.  Biff confronts Willy about his suicide attempts and Willy denies everything.  He tells Biff that he did not get any money from Oliver and has no hope go get any money.  He accuses Willy of not know who he really is.  However, after this, Biff cries and leaves.  Willy realizes that Biff loves him and decides to celebrate by killing himself by crashing the car which would give his family 20 thousand dollar in life insurance.

c.Setting
1) Willy’s house, the small house in New York surrounded by apartments.
2) Restaurant - Restaurant where Stanley works where the Lomans were supposed to have dinner at the end of the play.
3) The hotel - The hotel where Willy stays while in New England for his business here Biff catches his father in the affair.

d.Point of View
Willy Loman is the major character and he is the first person.

e.Theme
The basic idea of “Death of Salesman” is Willy get madness; that influenced by his economic condition. So, it caused Willy wants to kill himself to get money life insurance.

2.Technical Element
a.Casting
It was difficult to analyze casting, because the story still in script.

b.Mise en-Scene
1.Set Dressing and Props
Willy’s house is small house in New York surrounded by apartments. His house’s set is like another simple house whose have rooms, kitchen and other, it also take 1960’s style. Restaurants set and the hotel set are the place which take 1960’s style.
2.Costumes and Make-up
Willy’s costume is like a businessman, but in reality he is not success his life just be a salesman in his whole life. He wears a coat with hat, it makes him looks handsome man. He does not look like a weak old man. Linda Loman is a beautiful woman with black hair. She is a care wife, she always carried her family. She is a good mother for her sons. Biff is Will’s first son, he is a sporty boy always take a look his father condition. Happy is Will’s second son, he is smart and diligent boy.
3.Lighting
There is difficult to analyze the lighting, but in this script we can show there is has natural lighting like the sunshine in the morning.

c.Cinematography
It was difficult to analyze the cinematography because it told about the shot of the scene of drama when it had performance, such as Photographic Qualities of Shot, Framing of Shot, and The Duration of Shot.

d.Sound
It also difficult to analyze the sound of this drama, but the suitable sound to this drama is sad song or dramatic sound.

e.Editing
It was difficult to analyze the editing because has relation with selection process and camera takes in drama.

B.Conclusion
The conclusion of the drama of “Death of a Salesman” is the man faced to society or man to society.

Drama Assignment

Name : Yuni Prihartanti

NIM : A320080003

Class : B

DRAMA ASSIGNMENT

1. Structural Element

1. Narrative Element

1. Character and Characterization

Based on Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:58) the personality of characters is the expression of face, body posture, and also their clothing. The characters can involve attitudes, skills, preferences, psychological drives, details of dress and appearance, and any other specific quality the film creates for a character. The action in dramas in which the character’s actions are primarily driven by people and events that are external to the character, often sacrifice characterization for the sake of the story complications and speed (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:95-96). Character is a person created by the director who acted in some drama.

In “The Lesson” has three characters; the first is the major character is the professor aged 50-60. He is a little old man with a little white beard. He wears pince-nez, a black skull cap, a long black shoolmaster’s coat, trousers and shoes of black tie. Excessively polite, very timid, his voice deadened by his timidity, very proper, very much the teacher. The other characters is the young pupil aged 18, wears a gray student’s smock, a small white collar, and carries a student’s satchel under her arm. The last character is maid aged 45-50, red-faced, and wears a peasant woman’s cap.

The characterization of the professor looks intelligent, smart but he can be mad if his emotion had provoked. The young pupil characterization is diligent, discipline, intelligent, obedient student but finally she is not too smart and difficult to teach. The maid characterization is obeying the professor order but sometimes she does not listen. She is always hided the professor’s crime until 39 cases and add the pupil becomes 40 murder cases.

b. Plot

The term that shows the events of the movie start from beginning until the ending is called plot. (Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:57)

1. The Beginning

The Lesson begins in apartment in the office of the old professor in the morning with the bell is ringing and there was standing a pupil to get the professor’s lesson.

2. The Middle

The lesson shows the conflict between the professor and the pupil with different opinion. Then the climax is professor killed the pupil with knife.

3. The End

The maid helps the professor to clean up the murderer area and keep the crime and pretend to look it was nothing happen.

c. Setting

The setting of place of “The Lesson” starts in the office of the old professor, which also serves as a dining room. To the left, the door opens onto the apartment stairs; upstage, to the right, another door opens onto a corridor of the apartment. Upstage, a little left of center, a window, not very large, with plain curtains; on the outside sill of the window are ordinary potted plants. The low buildings with red roofs of small town can be seen in the distance. The sky is grayish-blue. On the right stands a provincial buffet. The table doubles as a desk, it stands at stage center. There are three chairs around the table, and two more stand on each side of the window. Light-colored wallpaper, some shelves with books.

The setting of time is in the morning and the situation or atmosphere is quiet.

d. Point of View

The professor is the major character and he is the first person and the second person is the pupil and the maid.

e. Theme

The basic idea of “the lesson” is the professor get mad after his emotion had provoked by situation like his conflict with his pupil until he killed his pupil.

2. Technical Element
   1. Casting

It was difficult to analyze casting, because the story still in script.

1. Mise en-Scene

1. Set Dressing and Props

The set dressing and props is a window, not very large, with plain curtains; on the outside sill of the window are ordinary potted plants. On the right stands a provincial buffet. The table doubles as a desk, it stands at stage center. There are three chairs around the table, and two more stand on each side of the window. Light-colored wallpaper, some shelves with books.

2. Costumes and Make-up

First, the professor aged 50-60 (make up set like the man in that age). He is a little old man with a little white beard. He wears pince-nez, a black skull cap, a long black shoolmaster’s coat, trousers and shoes of black tie, it was the set of costumes. Second, the young pupil aged 18 (set of make up like a teenager as usual in 18 years old), wears a gray student’s smock, a small white collar, and carries a student’s satchel under her arm, it was the set of costumes. The third, the maid aged 45-50, red-faced (the set of make up), and wears a peasant woman’s cap (the set of costumes).

3. Lighting

There is difficult to analyze the lighting, but in this script we can show there is has natural lighting like the sunshine in the morning.

3. Cinematography

It was difficult to analyze the cinematography because it told about the shot of the scene of drama when it had performance, such as Photographic Qualities of Shot, Framing of Shot, and The Duration of Shot.

4. Sound

It also difficult to analyze the sound of this drama, but the suitable sound to this drama is sad song or dramatic sound.

5. Editing

It was difficult to analyze the editing because has relation with selection process and camera takes in drama.

2. Conclusion

The conclusion of the comic drama of “The Lesson” is the man faced to society or man to society. The reason is the pupil has forced by her parents to be a doctor. This phenomena comes from the culture of society which is someone must raise the highest dream in their live. So, the pupil takes lesson to professor to raise her dreams to be a doctor. But, in fact she was killed by professor who get mad after his emotion had provoked.

SEMINAR on LIT

NEEDS FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS OF SULTAN SCHAHRIAR

IN STEVE BARRON’S ARABIAN NIGHTS MOVIE (2004):

A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

Compiled to fulfill Seminar on Literature

Lecturer: Drs. H. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.

Proposed By:

YUNI PRIHARTANTI

A 320 080 003

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2011

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

Arabian Nights is a three-hour, two-part miniseries that was made by Hallmark Entertainment and Golden Horn Films. Arabian Nights can be described as exciting and humorous. The plot revolves around curses, spells and rituals, good versus evil, and a heroic mission. The main genres are adventure, fantasy, and action. In terms of style, Arabian Nights is a mini-series and is epic. In approach, it is fantastical. It is well suited for kids and a family outing.

The series was written by Peter Barnes. It is wonderfully directed and edited by Steve Barron; Hallmark's Arabian Nights and is based on the medieval Oriental stories from the One Thousand and One Nights. The series consists of five stories which are framed within a sixth, which maintains the traditional style of stories within stories that is synonymous with the Nights. An action-packed adventure filled with dazzling special effects from the producers Steve Barron. Like previous Hallmark literary epics, the production, directed by Henson veteran Steve Barron utilized Jim Henson's Creature Shop, who supplied two digital dragons who guard the treasures of Arabia. The dragons resemble giant frilled lizards, and according to the Creature Shop website, "much work was spent in creating anatomically convincing movement - swaying cat-like when walking, lizard-like whilst climbing."

The series is notable for its witty script, its high production values (featuring lavish costumes and eye-catching Asian locations), and for its star-studded cast, which includes Alan Bates, Rufus Sewell, Dougray Scott, Andy Serkis, James Frain, John Leguizamo (in a dual role), Jason Scott Lee, Vanessa-Mae, Alexei Sayle, Jim Carter, Mili Avital and James Callis.(www.jinni.com/tv/arabian-nights-2000/)

Steve Barron was born on May 4, 1956 in Dublin, Ireland. He is the son of Zelda Barron. He also called an Irish born director and producer who first made his mark as a director of music videos in the late 1970s and early 80's. He began his association with Jim Henson when he directed the Labyrinth music videos As the World Falls Down and Underground. He subsequently directed multiple episodes of The StoryTeller ("Fearnot," "Hans My Hedgehog," and "Sapsorrow").

Barron has helmed several Creature Shop projects, including Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, The Adventures of Pinocchio, Merlin, Rat, and Arabian Nights. In 1998, his work on Merlin garnered an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or Special. Arabian Nights The miniseries won an Artios Award for Best Casting and an Emmy award for Outstanding Makeup. His other projects include serving as executive producer for the first seasons of the computer animated series ReBoot and directing the Saturday Night Live-inspired feature film The Coneheads.

Arabian Nights movie was released in US with the first episode airing on ABC on April 30, 2000. The running time is 2 hr. 55 min. Distributed by Hallmark Entertainment. It released in TV miniseries, VCD and DVD distribute by Hallmark Entertainment. This film was taken setting in Turkey and Morocco and also in Antalya Film Studios in Turkey.

Arabian Nights won the Primetime Emmy Award and won Casting Society of America, USA in 2000. Arabian Nights The miniseries won an Artios Award for Best Casting and an Emmy award for Outstanding Makeup.

Arabian Nights is a movie, adapting the tales of One Thousand and One Nights. The Arabian Nights, also known as The Thousand and One Nights and known in Arabic as Alf Layla wa Layla, is a collection of fables, fairy tales, romances, and historical anecdotes of varying ethnic sources, including Indian, Persian, and Arabic oral traditions. While their specific origins are unknown, it is certain that the stories were circulating orally for centuries before they were written down in the fourteenth century in a Syrian manuscript, housed at the Bibliotèque Nationale in Paris as of 2004. (www.enotes.com/arabian-nights)

The frame story series starts in Baghdad at long ago, the Sultan Schariar has gone mad after his traumatizing near assassination in which his first wife collaborated with Shahryar's own brother and his wife died at his hands as a result. Now five years later, Shahryar believes that all women want to kill him, but he must get married or the throne will pass to his brother. He has a paranoid suspicion of women which he plans to express in a diabolical plan and that is to marry a woman from the harem and then have her executed the very next morning. To prevent this, the Grand Vizier's daughter and a childhood friend of the Sultan, Scheherezade, offers herself to be that bride and when she besought her father to wed her to King Shahriar it was cause for grief to the vizier. Now, she must gamble that her plan will work as she tries to cure his madness by telling him story after wonderous story which include the tales of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp, and the lesser known stories of Boucbouc the hunchback (here spelled BacBac) and of Harun al-Rashid and The Sultan & the Beggar Amin for 1,001 nights.

For each day was it Shahriar's wont to put to death his bride of the day before. It befell, however, that Sheherazade had her will. As she had hoped, the king was wakeful and to beguile him she began a story of magic. Dawn broke before she had finished, and so eager was Shahriar to hear it all that he gave no order for her execution. For a thousand and one nights did this befall while Sheherazade told tales of love, war, and sorcery, of kings, beggars, and rogues, of lands where diamonds were more plentiful than pebbles and bigger than eggs, of intrigues in the lanes and bazaars of Oriental cities. In towns and deserts and far islands did necromancers work their wills. Horses flew; dogs talked; mermaids and creatures greater than whales peopled the deeps; ogres and enormous apes crept out of forests; birds so great that their wings darkened the day swooped from the skies. Here too were lovers in palaces and hovels, bold and cowardly, yet all so enamored that they swooned at the very thought of the beloved. Underlying all was the colorful Orient, with barbers and porters jostling caliphs and princesses in the thronged and picturesque lanes of three cities whose very names conjure up romance-Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus.

All the while, Scheherazade tells her stories though, Shahryar's brother begins to build up an army to take control of the kingdom. By the time he is ready to attack; Shahryar has overcome his madness and now truly loves Scheherazade. The two lead the army into battle and Shahryar and his troops are able to stop the brother by using elements from Scheherazade's stories because Scheherezade's stories are more useful against him than anyone can anticipate. At the end of the battle, it is revealed that the entire thing had actually already happened. Scheherazade was retelling the events to her children, promising to tell them another one the next night.

All the stories have the moral messages like the first is Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. Scheherazade discuss the moral that the story ultimately teaches Shahryar that not all wives (Morgiana being the example) are murderous and evil. So, "if you love somebody enough, you can forgive them anything." Second is the moral of the tale of the Poor Hunchback, as discussed by Scheherazade, is that we all should take responsibility for our actions. The third is Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, the moral of the story is that even if one has power, it isn't that important. What is important is happiness. The fourth story’s message is The Sultan & the Beggar. The moral of the story is never telling the same joke twice. And from Amin's perspective, once you have great power, take it very seriously, and use it wisely. The last is the moral of The Three Princes and the words of wisdom the Seer gave Ahmed were revealed: "The World is an inferno full of darkness and evil, and there are only two ways of dealing with it: the first is easy and wrong; you accept it, and become part of it; and the second is hard and right, you fight it." (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Nights.com)

Arabian Nights is wonderful movie that have multiple genre of fantasy, family and adventure. So, it makes this movie really interested because there are many aspects that are significant to analyze. The first is the Sultan Schahriar’s personality is the mirror of human being. He has the feeling of traumatizing and paranoid suspicion of murdered in his life. It makes him really carefully to choose Sultana.

The second aspect is the needs for love and belongingness of Sultan Schahriar. He is really needs someone that gives true love and can cure his paranoid.

The last aspect is the five amazing stories which are telling by Sultana for 1,001 nights. The stories like the tales of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp, and the lesser known stories of Boucbouc the hunchback (here spelled BacBac) and of Harun al-Rashid and the Sultan & the Beggar Amin. The tales have many morality lessons that can help Sultan wining the battle.

Considering the explanation above the writer is interested to explore analyze needs for love and belongingness of Schahriar as the main in Arabian nights Movie by using a humanistic psychological approach by Abraham Maslow, entitled: NEEDS FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS OF SULTAN SCHAHRIAR IN STEVE BARRON’S MOVIE (2004): A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

2. Literature Review

As long as the writer knows, the writer cannot make the comparison with the other researchers. Besides, there is many students of English Department have ever studied the Humanistic Perspective Analysis as a research problem, but for the title Arabian Nights never studied by the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Problem Statement

Based on the title and background of the study the writer formulates the problem as follows: “How a need for love and belongingness in the character of Sultan Schahriar in Arabian Nights Movie (2004)?”

4. Limitation of the Study

The writer focuses on analyzing needs for love and belongingness of Sultan Schahriar as main characters in Arabian Nights movie (2004) based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.

5. Objective of the Study

According to the problem statement above, the writer has some objective of the study as follows:

1. To analyze the movie based on Sultan Schahriar Needs for love which influence he looking for true love until makes he to cure his trauma and paranoid in Steve Barron’s Arabian Nights movie (2004) based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.
2. To analyze the movie based on structural elements of the movie.

6. Benefit of the Study

There are two benefits that expected from this study are as follows:

1. Theoretical Benefit

The study is hoped to give some contribution of the large body of knowledge to the literary study in Arabian Nights movie based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.

2. Practical Benefit

The study is expected to improve the researcher’s understanding and about the content of the movie especially the needs for love and belongingness of major character to find his true love.

UNDERLYING THEORY

1. Notion of Humanistic Psychology

According to (Hall and Lindzey, 1985: 199) Abraham Harold Maslow was born and brought up in Brooklyn, New York in April 1, 1908. He was the oldest of seven children of his parents, who were uneducated Jewish immigrant from Russia. The family was poor at the outset. His parent, hope for the best for their children in the new world and success in academic. After all his effort, he became a great psychologist who found a new school of psychology called humanistic psychology.

Humanistic psychological is studies of human personality. The term humanistic psychology was coined by group of psychologists who in the early 1960’s under the leadership of Maslow, joined to establish a viable theoretical alternative to the two most influential intellectual currents in main stream psychology, psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Maslow’s theory that is known by Humanistic psychology covered hierarchy need of human being (Hjelle and Zeigler, 1992:443).

Based on Broeree (2008:251-252) Maslow’s theory is need of human being. Maslow started his theory from the understanding that individual is integrated and whole organized. It means that whole individual is motivated rather than just part of him. For example, if someone feels hungry, not only his stomachs that will react on this sense, his mind, then prefer to think for food rather than another problem. His emotion also changes; he becomes more nervous and tense. So, it is whole individual who is motivated, no pair of him. The other example is if someone feels hungry and dirty, he will to efforts to get water than food. He thinks that he can defend seven days without eat something but can’t defend without water. It means that dirty stronger than hungry. While, if he feels dirty and there is someone give coca cola but after drink, he become breathless, certainly, he more need air to breathe than water.

According to Burger (1986:18) Humanistic psychology emerges as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

Based on Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:448-449) Maslow proposed that all human needs and they are systematically arranged in ascending hierarchy of priority or prepotency. The needs are: Physiological Needs, Needs for Love and Belongingness, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization and creativity are as important as the biological need such food and water.

2. Basic Concept of Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology is part of psychological studies. It emphasizes the importance of the inner world of the human being and places, the individual’s thoughts, feeling and emotions at the forefront of all human developments. Humanistic approach to learning highlights the importance of emotions ad feelings in learning.

As Hall and Lindzey (1985:201-202) Maslow formulated a theory of human motivation in which human being’s many varying needs are seen as arising in a hierarchical fashion. Burger (1986: 266-267) said Maslow’s needs hierarchy argued that human motives can be placed in a hierarchy prominence. That is some needs demand satisfaction before others. Maslow placed these needs into five hierarchical levels, there are as follows:

• Physiological Needs

The most basic, powerful, and urgent of all human needs are those that are essential to physical survival. Included in this group are the needs for food, drink, oxygen, exercise, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures and sensory stimulation. These physiological needs are directly concerned with the biological maintenance of the person and must be gratified at some minimal level before the next higher order need attains importance (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:450)

Feist (1985:379) said physiological needs are the most proponents of all. For example, a hungry people are motivated to eat, not to make friends or gain self-esteem. They do not see beyond food and so long as this need remains unsatisfied; their primary motivation is to obtain something to eat. Perpetually hungry people come to believe that food is the ultimate goal. They delude themselves with the belief that if only they can get enough to eat, they will be forever happy.

Based on Broeree (2008:252) a Physiological need is the needs for protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and other minerals and vitamins. They include the needs to maintain a Ph balance and temperature (37° C). Also, there are the needs to be achieved, to rest, to sleep, to get rid of wastes (CO, sweat, urine, and faces) to avoid pain. 

• Safety Needs

Once the physiological needs are fairly well satisfied, the person becomes concerned with a new set, often called the safety and security needs. Included here are the needs for structure, stability, law and order, predictability, and freedom from such threatening forces as illness, fear and chaos. (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:450)

According to Burger (1986:268) these needs are most evident when the future is unpredictable, or when stability of the political or social order is threatened. For example, in an effort to satisfy these needs, people may builds large savings accounts or seek out job security. People who feel threatened may seek out the predictable orderliness of organized religion or the military. People stuck at the safety need level may be willing to put up with an unhappy marriage or a military dictatorship if these things provide stability and security.

These needs include physical security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom from threatening forces as illness, fear, anxiety, danger ad chaos. The needs for law, order and structure are also safety needs; Maslow in Feist (1985:379) states that:

Children are more often motivated by these needs, living with such threats as darkness, animals, stranger, and punishment from parents.

Neurotic adult also feel relatively unsafe most of the time. Fear from childhood may irrationally persist so that neurotic adults act as if they were afraid of parental punishment. They imagine their physical well being to be threatened and therefore constrict themselves to the safe and familiar.

For anyone, the healthy as well as the wealthy, safety needs become activated during emergency situations. Natural disaster injury, accidents and war cause safety needs to become active. At least during short periods of immediate danger higher level needs. Such as love, esteem, and self actualization lose their potency and the person becomes motivated primarily to satisfy safety needs, in Broeree (2008:252). 

• Needs for Love and Belongingness Needs

Belongingness and love needs become motivators after the needs for safety and for physiological well being fulfilled and satisfied. Everyone could not live without somebody and people want to have desire for relationship, the wish for a mate and children, the need to be long to a family, and the need to both give and receive love.

These needs become prominent when the physiological and safety needs have been met. The person operating at this level longs for affectionate relationship with others, for a place in his or her family and/ or reference groups (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:451). According to Broeree (2008:253) Maslow identified two kinds of adult love. The first is Deficiency Love or usually called D-Love. D-Love is based on deficit need. D-Love studies about physic and biology such as Self-Esteem, sex or someone to keep us from being lonely. The second is Being Love or B-Love. It studies about individual personal development. Such as person who want to change her or his individual in any way.

Human have desire to belong to group; work group, religious group family, etc. Everyone needs to feel love by other to be accepted by other, in Broeree (2008:252). In our day to day life, we exhibit these needs in our desire to marry, have family and be a part of a community, a member of a church, a brother in the fraternity, a part of a gang. These needs include affection, belonging, acceptance, and friendship.

• Needs for Esteem

Satisfaction of the belongingness and love needs will serve to direct people’s attention to their esteem needs. Maslow divides these into two basic types. The first is called reputation. Reputation means that people want to get achieved in the eyes of the other people. People want to the other people honor for them. For example, in socially, person who has good job or high salary usually more has good reputation than person who jobless. The other example is a slave has a bad reputation certainly she or he has low self confidence and competency. In addition, she or he does not have prestige from the other person. The second level is defined as person’s own feelings of worth and confidence. Both of them have relation. Because, if someone have good reputation, so automatically she or he in a high confidence (Burger, 1986:269).

Maslow in Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:453) notes that:

There are two versions of esteem needs. The first is the needs for the respect of others the needs for status, fame, glory, recognition, reputation, appreciation, dignity, even dominance, competence, achievement, mastery, independence and freedom.

People need to know that he or she is worth which capable of mastering task and challenges in life. Respect from others such concern as desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, appreciation, status and acceptance. In this case, people need to know what he or she can do is recognized and valued by significant others (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:453).

From those, we pointed that when our needs for being love and for loving can motivate self-esteem needs to master tasks and challenges in life.

• Needs for Self-Actualization

The last is the highest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy. When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. In Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:454) Maslow characterized self-actualization as the person’s desire to become everything that he or she is capable of becoming. The person who has achieved this highest level presses toward the full use and exploitation of his or her talents, capacities, and potentialities.

Hall and Lidzey (1985) stated in practice way, Maslow gives example for self actualization that “A musician must make music, an artist must paint and a poet must write” If he is to be at peace with himself. These needs make themselves fell in signs of restlessness. What man can be, he must be, he must be the true nature. The person feels on edge, tense, lacking something, in short, restless. If a person is hungry, unsafe, not loved or accepted, or lacking self esteem, it is very easy to know what the person is restless about. It is not always clear what a person wants when there is a need for self actualization. The specific form that the self actualization takes varies greatly from person to person.

However, one esteem needs are met one does not always move to the level of self actualization. Maslow in Feist (1985:380) notes that, “self actualization needs became potent when ever self esteem needs have been met”. It means that many people especially the young have all needs gratified such as reputation and beauty but, they do not became self actualization. People who can increase self actualization cannot be seen. It is naturally. For example, people desire for self improvement his other motivation to make actual his potentiality after the previous needs are well satisfied. Every human must develop their full of skill.

3. Structural Element of the Movie

      a. Narrative Element

1. Character and Characterization

Character is a person created by the director who acted in some drama. Based on Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:58) the personality of characters is the expression of face, body posture, and also their clothing. The characters can involve attitudes, skills, preferences, psychological drives, details of dress and appearance, and any other specific quality the film creates for a character. According to Kennedy (1983:45) the character itself is divided into two parts; they are major character and minor character. Major character is the most important character of less important character in a story. Minor character is character of less important than those of the man.

The moviemakers team show a person as an actor doing something; we show the personality of characters through manifestations such as body picture, facial, expression, and also their clothing. The action in dramas in which the character’s actions are primarily driven by people and events that are external to the character, often sacrifice characterization for the sake of the story complications and speed. (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:95-96)

2. Plot

The term that shows the events of the movie start from beginning until the ending is called plot. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:57) stated “plot is used to describe everything visibly and audibly present in the movie before us”. Based on Douglass and Harnden (1996:48) basically plot contain of three parts, they are;

• The Beginning

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996:48-49) the beginning of movie usually presents the setting of the movie, time and place of the events in the movie. In the beginning, the audience is let know where the story is going by the presentation of the hero or heroine and other major participants, the location or setting of place in with the game will be played, the problems or premise and also the theme.

• The Middle

In this part consists of two elements: rising action and climax. Rising action is the conflict between characters which produced suspense to climax is the highest points of the conflict; it is crucial event of the movie as a whole (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:49-52).

• The End

Douglass and Harnden (1996:49-52) stated moviemakers are demanded to view the conditional of environment and society in end the story of movie. This part of the story is giving the problem solving all events in society. The ending section has consequences for previous events. In this stage the hero and heroine resolve their problem in a way satisfactory to the audience.

3. Setting

Setting is where people meet characters or what environment we find the characters in the movie (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:109). Setting builds what kinds of the story and characters that we will meet and what kinds of conflicts that will be occurred during a play (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:110). The setting is built suitable with the events that will be played. Setting supports the imaginary of the characters and the events of the movie.

4. Point of View

Douglass and Harnden (1996:31-32) argue point of view refers to the interests, attitude and a belief associated with a character’s group particular perspective. There are three categories of point of view based on perspective of story teller, namely first person, second person and third person. In the first person, there is a character narrates the story. Second person, the protagonist and participants is the central story of the movie. It means that there are the visual and dialogue. The third person viewer can know all of the character of the movie. Viewer can know the mind of character by the monologue of the movie.

5. Style

Style is refers to the author’s written choice which consist of the grammatical structure, sentence construction, diction, figurative language and imagery (Kenney, 1988:62).

• Grammatical Structure

Nurgiyantoro (1995:293) defines grammatical structure as the suggestion of the sentence structure. In expressing the idea, the author is free to create the word. He is allowed to use abbreviation, repetition, desperation as the deviation of sentence structure to show the aesthetical impression.

• Sentence Construction

Sentence construction is a sentence which is used by the narration the dialogue. It include by short sentences and long sentences.

• Diction

Nurgiyantoro (1995:290) defines diction as the author’s choice of words. Author needs to choose the appropriate word to show the effects and to emphasize some utterances.

Additionally, Kenney (1988:69) further explained that kind of choices that has been made by the author in diction may be categorized as denotation and connotation.

• Rhetoric

Based on Abrams (1988:159) rhetoric is focused on the mean and devices that an author uses in order to get the emotional effect.

6. Imagery

Nurgiyantoro, (2000:204) said imagery is the use of word and sentences expresses by the author. It has the function to make the readers imagine, feel and concrete a condition in the story that actually abstract. Imagery is a term that designates characteristics that we can experience by our sense (Abrams, 1988:40). Imagery is the collection of descriptive details that appeal to the senses and emotions of the readers by creating a sense of real experience.

7. Theme

According to Douglass and Harden (1996:3) stated theme is the basic idea of story in which the author portrays through the conflicts of characters with other character or with life events. Theme also can be central insight of the story. It is statement that expresses the message of the movie. Theme requires the attention because it is a reason of the story for being. Theme allows us to focus our attention (audiences) on certain aspects of the subject while excluding others. 
b. Technical Element
       1. Casting

Douglass and Harnden (1996:108) state that casting characters require knowing the qualities at the centers of the characters that are the most important, the ones the motivate them through the story, and than finding people who can understand and convey those qualities. Casting in a movie is a process in choosing an actor or an actress that will play the character of the movie. The casting is suitable with characters that will be played. Characters will appear when viewers view the actor and actress that play on. Casting has important role in successes of movie.

2. Mise en-Scene

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:127-133) pointed that Mise-en-Scene means “staging and action” and it was first applied to the practice of directing play. It consist of the aspect of the moviemaking include all components of the stage. It consists of setting, casting and lighting. Mise-en-Scene consists of setting, set dressing and props, costumes and make-up, and lighting.

• Set Dressing and Props

Douglass and Harnden (1996:131) argue that set dressing that are the items in the scene such as furniture, photos or picture on the wall, curtains, knick-knack on the table, lamps, rugs and anything that dresses the bare wall and floor of set. Set dressing and props are the interior of the movie, consists of set dressing and property. In summary, set dressing and props show the characteristic of the period in which the movie takes place.

• Costumes and Make-up

Strahein in Bordwell and Thompson (1990:132) said that for instance, was as passionately committed to authenticity of dress as of setting, and he was said to have created underwear that would instill the proper mood in his actors even though it was never to be seen in the movie. Therefore, costumes are some clothes won by the actors to support movie quality, especially the quality of picture. Costumes also reflect the period in which the movie takes place and social position of the character. Make up helps the characters present the external appearance of the movie. Both of costume and make up also showed the period in which the story takes place.

• Lighting

Based on Mamer (2009:25) lighting is the process giving light in each event in a movie. It is to support the image of the setting and the event of the movie. Lighting is also easy us to find the important things in the movie, important side of the events or action.

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:133) said in the cinema, lighting is more than just illumination that permits us to see the action. Lighter and darker areas within the frame help create the overall compositions of each shot and hence guide our eyes to certain objects and actions. Therefore, lighting should provide a sufficient level of illumination. Lighting also describes the condition of the movie and it will support the quality of the movie. Lighting can be dark and bright. The source of lighting can from fire, sun, lamp, candle, and so on.

3. Cinematography

According to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:156) the moviemaker also controls the cinematographic qualities of shot. It consists of three features;

• Photographic Qualities of Shot

Photographic Qualities of Shot is part of the process in taking the actions that than united in the movie. Moviemaker can control and manipulate their shot through their light, sound, tone, ect.

• Framing of Shot

Framing of shot is the border in shot of imagine. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:167) stated in a movie, the frame is not simply a neutral border; it produces a certain vantage point, onto the material within the image.

• The Duration of Shot

According to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:176) the quality of cinematography is influenced by the duration of shot and the time of the events in the movie. The duration of shot refers to the time in taking events of the movie by camera. Finally, the duration of shot refers to the shot or record of the camera to take the whole shot in movie production.

4. Sound

Based on Bordwell and Thompson (1990:248) the moviemakers should consider how speech, music and noise are selected and combined for specific functions within movie. In summary, sound can build sense mode and our understanding image. Sound can be made from music, rooster’s voice and so on. Sound can give complete background and also create image of the viewers.

Sound is audio in the movie consist of music, speech and noise and have function to clear the setting and give image for the event of the movie. As Philips (2005:163) sound in cinema takes four forms; spoken world, sound effects, music and science. Spoken world consist of dialogues, monologues and narration. Sound effects consist of sound made by object, people, or ambient sound. Music consist of instrumental, vocals or combinations.

5. Editing

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:207) said editing in movie production is the task of selection and joining camera takes. It may be thought as the coordination of one shot with the next. Editing is easy to notice, it is only because of the prevalent technique but also because the disjunction of space, time and graphics made by editing step to the eye attention. Editing is called the process of casting and arranging the result of camera shot. Events of the movie are not taken in one time so that there is needed editing process to easy the arranging the events of the movie.

The continuity of the editing refers to coherency between the editing process and logical shots. Shots here developed into two parts, namely establishing shot and reestablishing shot. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:218) state in continuity editing, there is spatial continuity.

Therefore, continuity editing can build logical coherence between shots continuity editing consist of Axis of action or the 180° line, establishing shot, match on action, reestablishing shot, a reverse shot, continuity editing also support the quality of picture, so the reviewer can enjoy to the movie.

4. Theoretical Application

The writer develops this research by applying the Humanistic Psychological Approach proposed by Abraham Maslow. By understanding the Humanistic psychology of the character Sultan Shachriar Needs for love as major character which influence him to looking for of the new Sultana (wife). The writer tries to explore how one of the main characters gains Needs Love and Belongingness.

There are some steps in analyzing the movie. First the writer starts from the literary work from the structural elements of the movie. There are narrative element which consists of characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and theme. Then the technical element which consists of mise-en scene, cinematography, sound, editing.

The second step, the writer makes a study about the theory of humanistic psychology by Abraham Maslow, and the last step the writer will make a research on the relationship between the theory and the movie. All those steps the writer hope it will answer the goal of this research.

       5. Research Method

• Type of the Study

The type of the study of this research is qualitative research besides book and other related references to support the subject matter. Qualitative research is a type of scientific research because it does not include calculation and enumeration.

• Object of the Study

The object of study is Sultan Schahriar in Arabian Nights movie directed by Steve Barron.

• Type of the Data and Data Source

There are two data in this research:

1. Primary Data Source

The primary data source of the study is the movie of Arabian Nights directed by Steve Barron from Hallmark Entertainment.

2. Secondary Data Source

The secondary data source of the study is literary books, the biography of the author and the director, website, and other relevant data that support the analysis.

• Technique of the Data Collection

The technique of data collection is library research, the several steps are:

1. Watching and understanding movie in several times
2. Determining the character that will be analyzed
3. Taking notes of information part in both primary and secondary data
4. Reading the related books to search data information
5. Searching website and other resources that related to the movie
6. Classifying and determining the relevant data
   
   

   • Technique of the Data Analysis

The technique of the data analysis is descriptive analysis that concern with the structural elements of the movie and based on humanistic psychological approach.

4. Research Paper Organization

This research uses the theory of Humanistic Psychological approach. Conception of Maslow is used to study this problem presented in the Arabian Nights movie by Steve Barron that is needs for love in Sultan Schahriar as the major character.

This paper is divided into several steps they are, Introduction, Background of the Study, Literature Review, Problem Statement, Limitation of the Study, Objective of the Study, Benefits of the Study, Underlying Theory, Notion of Humanistic Psychological, Basic Concept of Humanistic Psychological, Structural Elements of the Movie and Theoretical Application of Humanistic Psychology, Research Method, Paper Organization, and Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M H.1988. A Glossary of Literary Term’s:Tthird Edition. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Wiston inc.

Boeree, C. George. 2008. Personality Theories: Melacak Kepribadian Anda Bersama Psikolog Dunia. Jogjakarta: Prismasophie.

Bordwell, David. Kristin Thompson. 1990. Film Art (An Introduction); Third Edition. USA: McGray. Hill. Inc.

Burger, Jerry. 1986. Personality Theories and Research. California: University of Santa Clara.

Doulass, John S.P Harnden. 1996. The Art of Technique (An Aesthetic Approach to Film and Video Production). Boston: Alynn and Bacon.

Feist, Jess. 1985. Theories of Personality. Canada: CBC College Publishing.

Hall, Calvin S. Gardner Linzey. 1985. Introduction to Theories of Personality. New York: John Willey and Sons.

Hjelle, larry. Az Zeigler, Daniel. 1992. Personality Theories; Basic Assumption, Research and application; Third Edition. USA: McGRAW Hill International Edition.

Kennedy, X J.1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Fiction, Poetry and Drama; Third Edition. Boston: Little Brown and Company.

Kenney, William. 1988. How to Analyze Fiction. New York. Monasch Press.

Mamer, Bruce. 2009. Film Production Technique Creating the Accomplished Image; Fifth Edition. USA: Wadsworth Cengage learning.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Pervin, Lawrence A. 1984. Personality Theory and Research. US: Rutgerts.

VIRTUAL REFERENCE

http://www.jinni.com/tv/arabian-nights-2000/ Accessed at March 12^th, 2011 (15:56)

http://www.enotes.com/arabian-nights Accessed at March 10^th, 2011 (13:07)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(TV_miniseries) Accessed at March 10^th, 2011 (13:07)

SEMINAR on LIT

NEEDS FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS OF SULTAN SCHAHRIAR

IN STEVE BARRON’S ARABIAN NIGHTS MOVIE (2004):

A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

Compiled to fulfill Seminar on Literature

Lecturer: Drs. H. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.

Proposed By:

YUNI PRIHARTANTI

A 320 080 003

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2011

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

Arabian Nights is a three-hour, two-part miniseries that was made by Hallmark Entertainment and Golden Horn Films. Arabian Nights can be described as exciting and humorous. The plot revolves around curses, spells and rituals, good versus evil, and a heroic mission. The main genres are adventure, fantasy, and action. In terms of style, Arabian Nights is a mini-series and is epic. In approach, it is fantastical. It is well suited for kids and a family outing.

The series was written by Peter Barnes. It is wonderfully directed and edited by Steve Barron; Hallmark's Arabian Nights and is based on the medieval Oriental stories from the One Thousand and One Nights. The series consists of five stories which are framed within a sixth, which maintains the traditional style of stories within stories that is synonymous with the Nights. An action-packed adventure filled with dazzling special effects from the producers Steve Barron. Like previous Hallmark literary epics, the production, directed by Henson veteran Steve Barron utilized Jim Henson's Creature Shop, who supplied two digital dragons who guard the treasures of Arabia. The dragons resemble giant frilled lizards, and according to the Creature Shop website, "much work was spent in creating anatomically convincing movement - swaying cat-like when walking, lizard-like whilst climbing."

The series is notable for its witty script, its high production values (featuring lavish costumes and eye-catching Asian locations), and for its star-studded cast, which includes Alan Bates, Rufus Sewell, Dougray Scott, Andy Serkis, James Frain, John Leguizamo (in a dual role), Jason Scott Lee, Vanessa-Mae, Alexei Sayle, Jim Carter, Mili Avital and James Callis.(www.jinni.com/tv/arabian-nights-2000/)

Steve Barron was born on May 4, 1956 in Dublin, Ireland. He is the son of Zelda Barron. He also called an Irish born director and producer who first made his mark as a director of music videos in the late 1970s and early 80's. He began his association with Jim Henson when he directed the Labyrinth music videos As the World Falls Down and Underground. He subsequently directed multiple episodes of The StoryTeller ("Fearnot," "Hans My Hedgehog," and "Sapsorrow").

Barron has helmed several Creature Shop projects, including Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, The Adventures of Pinocchio, Merlin, Rat, and Arabian Nights. In 1998, his work on Merlin garnered an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries or Special. Arabian Nights The miniseries won an Artios Award for Best Casting and an Emmy award for Outstanding Makeup. His other projects include serving as executive producer for the first seasons of the computer animated series ReBoot and directing the Saturday Night Live-inspired feature film The Coneheads.

Arabian Nights movie was released in US with the first episode airing on ABC on April 30, 2000. The running time is 2 hr. 55 min. Distributed by Hallmark Entertainment. It released in TV miniseries, VCD and DVD distribute by Hallmark Entertainment. This film was taken setting in Turkey and Morocco and also in Antalya Film Studios in Turkey.

Arabian Nights won the Primetime Emmy Award and won Casting Society of America, USA in 2000. Arabian Nights The miniseries won an Artios Award for Best Casting and an Emmy award for Outstanding Makeup.

Arabian Nights is a movie, adapting the tales of One Thousand and One Nights. The Arabian Nights, also known as The Thousand and One Nights and known in Arabic as Alf Layla wa Layla, is a collection of fables, fairy tales, romances, and historical anecdotes of varying ethnic sources, including Indian, Persian, and Arabic oral traditions. While their specific origins are unknown, it is certain that the stories were circulating orally for centuries before they were written down in the fourteenth century in a Syrian manuscript, housed at the Bibliotèque Nationale in Paris as of 2004. (www.enotes.com/arabian-nights)

The frame story series starts in Baghdad at long ago, the Sultan Schariar has gone mad after his traumatizing near assassination in which his first wife collaborated with Shahryar's own brother and his wife died at his hands as a result. Now five years later, Shahryar believes that all women want to kill him, but he must get married or the throne will pass to his brother. He has a paranoid suspicion of women which he plans to express in a diabolical plan and that is to marry a woman from the harem and then have her executed the very next morning. To prevent this, the Grand Vizier's daughter and a childhood friend of the Sultan, Scheherezade, offers herself to be that bride and when she besought her father to wed her to King Shahriar it was cause for grief to the vizier. Now, she must gamble that her plan will work as she tries to cure his madness by telling him story after wonderous story which include the tales of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp, and the lesser known stories of Boucbouc the hunchback (here spelled BacBac) and of Harun al-Rashid and The Sultan & the Beggar Amin for 1,001 nights.

For each day was it Shahriar's wont to put to death his bride of the day before. It befell, however, that Sheherazade had her will. As she had hoped, the king was wakeful and to beguile him she began a story of magic. Dawn broke before she had finished, and so eager was Shahriar to hear it all that he gave no order for her execution. For a thousand and one nights did this befall while Sheherazade told tales of love, war, and sorcery, of kings, beggars, and rogues, of lands where diamonds were more plentiful than pebbles and bigger than eggs, of intrigues in the lanes and bazaars of Oriental cities. In towns and deserts and far islands did necromancers work their wills. Horses flew; dogs talked; mermaids and creatures greater than whales peopled the deeps; ogres and enormous apes crept out of forests; birds so great that their wings darkened the day swooped from the skies. Here too were lovers in palaces and hovels, bold and cowardly, yet all so enamored that they swooned at the very thought of the beloved. Underlying all was the colorful Orient, with barbers and porters jostling caliphs and princesses in the thronged and picturesque lanes of three cities whose very names conjure up romance-Baghdad, Cairo, and Damascus.

All the while, Scheherazade tells her stories though, Shahryar's brother begins to build up an army to take control of the kingdom. By the time he is ready to attack; Shahryar has overcome his madness and now truly loves Scheherazade. The two lead the army into battle and Shahryar and his troops are able to stop the brother by using elements from Scheherazade's stories because Scheherezade's stories are more useful against him than anyone can anticipate. At the end of the battle, it is revealed that the entire thing had actually already happened. Scheherazade was retelling the events to her children, promising to tell them another one the next night.

All the stories have the moral messages like the first is Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. Scheherazade discuss the moral that the story ultimately teaches Shahryar that not all wives (Morgiana being the example) are murderous and evil. So, "if you love somebody enough, you can forgive them anything." Second is the moral of the tale of the Poor Hunchback, as discussed by Scheherazade, is that we all should take responsibility for our actions. The third is Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, the moral of the story is that even if one has power, it isn't that important. What is important is happiness. The fourth story’s message is The Sultan & the Beggar. The moral of the story is never telling the same joke twice. And from Amin's perspective, once you have great power, take it very seriously, and use it wisely. The last is the moral of The Three Princes and the words of wisdom the Seer gave Ahmed were revealed: "The World is an inferno full of darkness and evil, and there are only two ways of dealing with it: the first is easy and wrong; you accept it, and become part of it; and the second is hard and right, you fight it." (www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Nights.com)

Arabian Nights is wonderful movie that have multiple genre of fantasy, family and adventure. So, it makes this movie really interested because there are many aspects that are significant to analyze. The first is the Sultan Schahriar’s personality is the mirror of human being. He has the feeling of traumatizing and paranoid suspicion of murdered in his life. It makes him really carefully to choose Sultana.

The second aspect is the needs for love and belongingness of Sultan Schahriar. He is really needs someone that gives true love and can cure his paranoid.

The last aspect is the five amazing stories which are telling by Sultana for 1,001 nights. The stories like the tales of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves and Aladdin and his Wonderful Lamp, and the lesser known stories of Boucbouc the hunchback (here spelled BacBac) and of Harun al-Rashid and the Sultan & the Beggar Amin. The tales have many morality lessons that can help Sultan wining the battle.

Considering the explanation above the writer is interested to explore analyze needs for love and belongingness of Schahriar as the main in Arabian nights Movie by using a humanistic psychological approach by Abraham Maslow, entitled: NEEDS FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS OF SULTAN SCHAHRIAR IN STEVE BARRON’S MOVIE (2004): A HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

2. Literature Review

As long as the writer knows, the writer cannot make the comparison with the other researchers. Besides, there is many students of English Department have ever studied the Humanistic Perspective Analysis as a research problem, but for the title Arabian Nights never studied by the students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Problem Statement

Based on the title and background of the study the writer formulates the problem as follows: “How a need for love and belongingness in the character of Sultan Schahriar in Arabian Nights Movie (2004)?”

4. Limitation of the Study

The writer focuses on analyzing needs for love and belongingness of Sultan Schahriar as main characters in Arabian Nights movie (2004) based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.

5. Objective of the Study

According to the problem statement above, the writer has some objective of the study as follows:

1. To analyze the movie based on Sultan Schahriar Needs for love which influence he looking for true love until makes he to cure his trauma and paranoid in Steve Barron’s Arabian Nights movie (2004) based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.
2. To analyze the movie based on structural elements of the movie.

6. Benefit of the Study

There are two benefits that expected from this study are as follows:

1. Theoretical Benefit

The study is hoped to give some contribution of the large body of knowledge to the literary study in Arabian Nights movie based on a Humanistic Psychological Approach.

2. Practical Benefit

The study is expected to improve the researcher’s understanding and about the content of the movie especially the needs for love and belongingness of major character to find his true love.

UNDERLYING THEORY

1. Notion of Humanistic Psychology

According to (Hall and Lindzey, 1985: 199) Abraham Harold Maslow was born and brought up in Brooklyn, New York in April 1, 1908. He was the oldest of seven children of his parents, who were uneducated Jewish immigrant from Russia. The family was poor at the outset. His parent, hope for the best for their children in the new world and success in academic. After all his effort, he became a great psychologist who found a new school of psychology called humanistic psychology.

Humanistic psychological is studies of human personality. The term humanistic psychology was coined by group of psychologists who in the early 1960’s under the leadership of Maslow, joined to establish a viable theoretical alternative to the two most influential intellectual currents in main stream psychology, psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Maslow’s theory that is known by Humanistic psychology covered hierarchy need of human being (Hjelle and Zeigler, 1992:443).

Based on Broeree (2008:251-252) Maslow’s theory is need of human being. Maslow started his theory from the understanding that individual is integrated and whole organized. It means that whole individual is motivated rather than just part of him. For example, if someone feels hungry, not only his stomachs that will react on this sense, his mind, then prefer to think for food rather than another problem. His emotion also changes; he becomes more nervous and tense. So, it is whole individual who is motivated, no pair of him. The other example is if someone feels hungry and dirty, he will to efforts to get water than food. He thinks that he can defend seven days without eat something but can’t defend without water. It means that dirty stronger than hungry. While, if he feels dirty and there is someone give coca cola but after drink, he become breathless, certainly, he more need air to breathe than water.

According to Burger (1986:18) Humanistic psychology emerges as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

Based on Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:448-449) Maslow proposed that all human needs and they are systematically arranged in ascending hierarchy of priority or prepotency. The needs are: Physiological Needs, Needs for Love and Belongingness, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization and creativity are as important as the biological need such food and water.

2. Basic Concept of Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology is part of psychological studies. It emphasizes the importance of the inner world of the human being and places, the individual’s thoughts, feeling and emotions at the forefront of all human developments. Humanistic approach to learning highlights the importance of emotions ad feelings in learning.

As Hall and Lindzey (1985:201-202) Maslow formulated a theory of human motivation in which human being’s many varying needs are seen as arising in a hierarchical fashion. Burger (1986: 266-267) said Maslow’s needs hierarchy argued that human motives can be placed in a hierarchy prominence. That is some needs demand satisfaction before others. Maslow placed these needs into five hierarchical levels, there are as follows:

• Physiological Needs

The most basic, powerful, and urgent of all human needs are those that are essential to physical survival. Included in this group are the needs for food, drink, oxygen, exercise, sleep, protection from extreme temperatures and sensory stimulation. These physiological needs are directly concerned with the biological maintenance of the person and must be gratified at some minimal level before the next higher order need attains importance (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:450)

Feist (1985:379) said physiological needs are the most proponents of all. For example, a hungry people are motivated to eat, not to make friends or gain self-esteem. They do not see beyond food and so long as this need remains unsatisfied; their primary motivation is to obtain something to eat. Perpetually hungry people come to believe that food is the ultimate goal. They delude themselves with the belief that if only they can get enough to eat, they will be forever happy.

Based on Broeree (2008:252) a Physiological need is the needs for protein, salt, sugar, calcium, and other minerals and vitamins. They include the needs to maintain a Ph balance and temperature (37° C). Also, there are the needs to be achieved, to rest, to sleep, to get rid of wastes (CO, sweat, urine, and faces) to avoid pain.

• Safety Needs

Once the physiological needs are fairly well satisfied, the person becomes concerned with a new set, often called the safety and security needs. Included here are the needs for structure, stability, law and order, predictability, and freedom from such threatening forces as illness, fear and chaos. (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:450)

According to Burger (1986:268) these needs are most evident when the future is unpredictable, or when stability of the political or social order is threatened. For example, in an effort to satisfy these needs, people may builds large savings accounts or seek out job security. People who feel threatened may seek out the predictable orderliness of organized religion or the military. People stuck at the safety need level may be willing to put up with an unhappy marriage or a military dictatorship if these things provide stability and security.

These needs include physical security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom from threatening forces as illness, fear, anxiety, danger ad chaos. The needs for law, order and structure are also safety needs; Maslow in Feist (1985:379) states that:

Children are more often motivated by these needs, living with such threats as darkness, animals, stranger, and punishment from parents.

Neurotic adult also feel relatively unsafe most of the time. Fear from childhood may irrationally persist so that neurotic adults act as if they were afraid of parental punishment. They imagine their physical well being to be threatened and therefore constrict themselves to the safe and familiar.

For anyone, the healthy as well as the wealthy, safety needs become activated during emergency situations. Natural disaster injury, accidents and war cause safety needs to become active. At least during short periods of immediate danger higher level needs. Such as love, esteem, and self actualization lose their potency and the person becomes motivated primarily to satisfy safety needs, in Broeree (2008:252).

• Needs for Love and Belongingness Needs

Belongingness and love needs become motivators after the needs for safety and for physiological well being fulfilled and satisfied. Everyone could not live without somebody and people want to have desire for relationship, the wish for a mate and children, the need to be long to a family, and the need to both give and receive love.

These needs become prominent when the physiological and safety needs have been met. The person operating at this level longs for affectionate relationship with others, for a place in his or her family and/ or reference groups (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:451). According to Broeree (2008:253) Maslow identified two kinds of adult love. The first is Deficiency Love or usually called D-Love. D-Love is based on deficit need. D-Love studies about physic and biology such as Self-Esteem, sex or someone to keep us from being lonely. The second is Being Love or B-Love. It studies about individual personal development. Such as person who want to change her or his individual in any way.

Human have desire to belong to group; work group, religious group family, etc. Everyone needs to feel love by other to be accepted by other, in Broeree (2008:252). In our day to day life, we exhibit these needs in our desire to marry, have family and be a part of a community, a member of a church, a brother in the fraternity, a part of a gang. These needs include affection, belonging, acceptance, and friendship.

• Needs for Esteem

Satisfaction of the belongingness and love needs will serve to direct people’s attention to their esteem needs. Maslow divides these into two basic types. The first is called reputation. Reputation means that people want to get achieved in the eyes of the other people. People want to the other people honor for them. For example, in socially, person who has good job or high salary usually more has good reputation than person who jobless. The other example is a slave has a bad reputation certainly she or he has low self confidence and competency. In addition, she or he does not have prestige from the other person. The second level is defined as person’s own feelings of worth and confidence. Both of them have relation. Because, if someone have good reputation, so automatically she or he in a high confidence (Burger, 1986:269).

Maslow in Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:453) notes that:

There are two versions of esteem needs. The first is the needs for the respect of others the needs for status, fame, glory, recognition, reputation, appreciation, dignity, even dominance, competence, achievement, mastery, independence and freedom.

People need to know that he or she is worth which capable of mastering task and challenges in life. Respect from others such concern as desire for prestige, recognition, reputation, appreciation, status and acceptance. In this case, people need to know what he or she can do is recognized and valued by significant others (Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992:453).

From those, we pointed that when our needs for being love and for loving can motivate self-esteem needs to master tasks and challenges in life.

• Needs for Self-Actualization

The last is the highest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy. When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. In Hjelle and Ziegler (1992:454) Maslow characterized self-actualization as the person’s desire to become everything that he or she is capable of becoming. The person who has achieved this highest level presses toward the full use and exploitation of his or her talents, capacities, and potentialities.

Hall and Lidzey (1985) stated in practice way, Maslow gives example for self actualization that “A musician must make music, an artist must paint and a poet must write” If he is to be at peace with himself. These needs make themselves fell in signs of restlessness. What man can be, he must be, he must be the true nature. The person feels on edge, tense, lacking something, in short, restless. If a person is hungry, unsafe, not loved or accepted, or lacking self esteem, it is very easy to know what the person is restless about. It is not always clear what a person wants when there is a need for self actualization. The specific form that the self actualization takes varies greatly from person to person.

However, one esteem needs are met one does not always move to the level of self actualization. Maslow in Feist (1985:380) notes that, “self actualization needs became potent when ever self esteem needs have been met”. It means that many people especially the young have all needs gratified such as reputation and beauty but, they do not became self actualization. People who can increase self actualization cannot be seen. It is naturally. For example, people desire for self improvement his other motivation to make actual his potentiality after the previous needs are well satisfied. Every human must develop their full of skill.

3. Structural Element of the Movie

  a. Narrative Element

1. Character and Characterization

Character is a person created by the director who acted in some drama. Based on Bordwell and Thompson, 1990:58) the personality of characters is the expression of face, body posture, and also their clothing. The characters can involve attitudes, skills, preferences, psychological drives, details of dress and appearance, and any other specific quality the film creates for a character. According to Kennedy (1983:45) the character itself is divided into two parts; they are major character and minor character. Major character is the most important character of less important character in a story. Minor character is character of less important than those of the man.

The moviemakers team show a person as an actor doing something; we show the personality of characters through manifestations such as body picture, facial, expression, and also their clothing. The action in dramas in which the character’s actions are primarily driven by people and events that are external to the character, often sacrifice characterization for the sake of the story complications and speed. (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:95-96)

2. Plot

The term that shows the events of the movie start from beginning until the ending is called plot. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:57) stated “plot is used to describe everything visibly and audibly present in the movie before us”. Based on Douglass and Harnden (1996:48) basically plot contain of three parts, they are;

• The Beginning

According to Douglass and Harnden (1996:48-49) the beginning of movie usually presents the setting of the movie, time and place of the events in the movie. In the beginning, the audience is let know where the story is going by the presentation of the hero or heroine and other major participants, the location or setting of place in with the game will be played, the problems or premise and also the theme.

• The Middle

In this part consists of two elements: rising action and climax. Rising action is the conflict between characters which produced suspense to climax is the highest points of the conflict; it is crucial event of the movie as a whole (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:49-52).

• The End

Douglass and Harnden (1996:49-52) stated moviemakers are demanded to view the conditional of environment and society in end the story of movie. This part of the story is giving the problem solving all events in society. The ending section has consequences for previous events. In this stage the hero and heroine resolve their problem in a way satisfactory to the audience.

3. Setting

Setting is where people meet characters or what environment we find the characters in the movie (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:109). Setting builds what kinds of the story and characters that we will meet and what kinds of conflicts that will be occurred during a play (Douglass and Harnden, 1996:110). The setting is built suitable with the events that will be played. Setting supports the imaginary of the characters and the events of the movie.

4. Point of View

Douglass and Harnden (1996:31-32) argue point of view refers to the interests, attitude and a belief associated with a character’s group particular perspective. There are three categories of point of view based on perspective of story teller, namely first person, second person and third person. In the first person, there is a character narrates the story. Second person, the protagonist and participants is the central story of the movie. It means that there are the visual and dialogue. The third person viewer can know all of the character of the movie. Viewer can know the mind of character by the monologue of the movie.

5. Style

Style is refers to the author’s written choice which consist of the grammatical structure, sentence construction, diction, figurative language and imagery (Kenney, 1988:62).

• Grammatical Structure

Nurgiyantoro (1995:293) defines grammatical structure as the suggestion of the sentence structure. In expressing the idea, the author is free to create the word. He is allowed to use abbreviation, repetition, desperation as the deviation of sentence structure to show the aesthetical impression.

• Sentence Construction

Sentence construction is a sentence which is used by the narration the dialogue. It include by short sentences and long sentences.

• Diction

Nurgiyantoro (1995:290) defines diction as the author’s choice of words. Author needs to choose the appropriate word to show the effects and to emphasize some utterances.

Additionally, Kenney (1988:69) further explained that kind of choices that has been made by the author in diction may be categorized as denotation and connotation.

• Rhetoric

Based on Abrams (1988:159) rhetoric is focused on the mean and devices that an author uses in order to get the emotional effect.

6. Imagery

Nurgiyantoro, (2000:204) said imagery is the use of word and sentences expresses by the author. It has the function to make the readers imagine, feel and concrete a condition in the story that actually abstract. Imagery is a term that designates characteristics that we can experience by our sense (Abrams, 1988:40). Imagery is the collection of descriptive details that appeal to the senses and emotions of the readers by creating a sense of real experience.

7. Theme

According to Douglass and Harden (1996:3) stated theme is the basic idea of story in which the author portrays through the conflicts of characters with other character or with life events. Theme also can be central insight of the story. It is statement that expresses the message of the movie. Theme requires the attention because it is a reason of the story for being. Theme allows us to focus our attention (audiences) on certain aspects of the subject while excluding others.

              b. Technical Element

2. 1. Casting

Douglass and Harnden (1996:108) state that casting characters require knowing the qualities at the centers of the characters that are the most important, the ones the motivate them through the story, and than finding people who can understand and convey those qualities. Casting in a movie is a process in choosing an actor or an actress that will play the character of the movie. The casting is suitable with characters that will be played. Characters will appear when viewers view the actor and actress that play on. Casting has important role in successes of movie.

2. Mise en-Scene

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:127-133) pointed that Mise-en-Scene means “staging and action” and it was first applied to the practice of directing play. It consist of the aspect of the moviemaking include all components of the stage. It consists of setting, casting and lighting. Mise-en-Scene consists of setting, set dressing and props, costumes and make-up, and lighting.

• Set Dressing and Props

Douglass and Harnden (1996:131) argue that set dressing that are the items in the scene such as furniture, photos or picture on the wall, curtains, knick-knack on the table, lamps, rugs and anything that dresses the bare wall and floor of set. Set dressing and props are the interior of the movie, consists of set dressing and property. In summary, set dressing and props show the characteristic of the period in which the movie takes place.

• Costumes and Make-up

Strahein in Bordwell and Thompson (1990:132) said that for instance, was as passionately committed to authenticity of dress as of setting, and he was said to have created underwear that would instill the proper mood in his actors even though it was never to be seen in the movie. Therefore, costumes are some clothes won by the actors to support movie quality, especially the quality of picture. Costumes also reflect the period in which the movie takes place and social position of the character. Make up helps the characters present the external appearance of the movie. Both of costume and make up also showed the period in which the story takes place.

• Lighting

Based on Mamer (2009:25) lighting is the process giving light in each event in a movie. It is to support the image of the setting and the event of the movie. Lighting is also easy us to find the important things in the movie, important side of the events or action.

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:133) said in the cinema, lighting is more than just illumination that permits us to see the action. Lighter and darker areas within the frame help create the overall compositions of each shot and hence guide our eyes to certain objects and actions. Therefore, lighting should provide a sufficient level of illumination. Lighting also describes the condition of the movie and it will support the quality of the movie. Lighting can be dark and bright. The source of lighting can from fire, sun, lamp, candle, and so on.

3. Cinematography

According to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:156) the moviemaker also controls the cinematographic qualities of shot. It consists of three features;

• Photographic Qualities of Shot

Photographic Qualities of Shot is part of the process in taking the actions that than united in the movie. Moviemaker can control and manipulate their shot through their light, sound, tone, ect.

• Framing of Shot

Framing of shot is the border in shot of imagine. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:167) stated in a movie, the frame is not simply a neutral border; it produces a certain vantage point, onto the material within the image.

• The Duration of Shot

According to Bordwell and Thompson (1990:176) the quality of cinematography is influenced by the duration of shot and the time of the events in the movie. The duration of shot refers to the time in taking events of the movie by camera. Finally, the duration of shot refers to the shot or record of the camera to take the whole shot in movie production.

4. Sound

Based on Bordwell and Thompson (1990:248) the moviemakers should consider how speech, music and noise are selected and combined for specific functions within movie. In summary, sound can build sense mode and our understanding image. Sound can be made from music, rooster’s voice and so on. Sound can give complete background and also create image of the viewers.

Sound is audio in the movie consist of music, speech and noise and have function to clear the setting and give image for the event of the movie. As Philips (2005:163) sound in cinema takes four forms; spoken world, sound effects, music and science. Spoken world consist of dialogues, monologues and narration. Sound effects consist of sound made by object, people, or ambient sound. Music consist of instrumental, vocals or combinations.

5. Editing

Bordwell and Thompson (1990:207) said editing in movie production is the task of selection and joining camera takes. It may be thought as the coordination of one shot with the next. Editing is easy to notice, it is only because of the prevalent technique but also because the disjunction of space, time and graphics made by editing step to the eye attention. Editing is called the process of casting and arranging the result of camera shot. Events of the movie are not taken in one time so that there is needed editing process to easy the arranging the events of the movie.

The continuity of the editing refers to coherency between the editing process and logical shots. Shots here developed into two parts, namely establishing shot and reestablishing shot. Bordwell and Thompson (1990:218) state in continuity editing, there is spatial continuity.

Therefore, continuity editing can build logical coherence between shots continuity editing consist of Axis of action or the 180° line, establishing shot, match on action, reestablishing shot, a reverse shot, continuity editing also support the quality of picture, so the reviewer can enjoy to the movie.

4. Theoretical Application

The writer develops this research by applying the Humanistic Psychological Approach proposed by Abraham Maslow. By understanding the Humanistic psychology of the character Sultan Shachriar Needs for love as major character which influence him to looking for of the new Sultana (wife). The writer tries to explore how one of the main characters gains Needs Love and Belongingness.

There are some steps in analyzing the movie. First the writer starts from the literary work from the structural elements of the movie. There are narrative element which consists of characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, and theme. Then the technical element which consists of mise-en scene, cinematography, sound, editing.

The second step, the writer makes a study about the theory of humanistic psychology by Abraham Maslow, and the last step the writer will make a research on the relationship between the theory and the movie. All those steps the writer hope it will answer the goal of this research.

4. Research Method

1. Type of the Study

The type of the study of this research is qualitative research besides book and other related references to support the subject matter. Qualitative research is a type of scientific research because it does not include calculation and enumeration.

2. Object of the Study

The object of study is Sultan Schahriar in Arabian Nights movie directed by Steve Barron.

3. Type of the Data and Data Source

There are two data in this research:

1. Primary Data Source

The primary data source of the study is the movie of Arabian Nights directed by Steve Barron from Hallmark Entertainment.

2. Secondary Data Source

The secondary data source of the study is literary books, the biography of the author and the director, website, and other relevant data that support the analysis.

4. Technique of the Data Collection

The technique of data collection is library research, the several steps are:

1. Watching and understanding movie in several times
2. Determining the character that will be analyzed
3. Taking notes of information part in both primary and secondary data
4. Reading the related books to search data information
5. Searching website and other resources that related to the movie
6. Classifying and determining the relevant data
1. Technique of the Data Analysis

The technique of the data analysis is descriptive analysis that concern with the structural elements of the movie and based on humanistic psychological approach.

4. Research Paper Organization

This research uses the theory of Humanistic Psychological approach. Conception of Maslow is used to study this problem presented in the Arabian Nights movie by Steve Barron that is needs for love in Sultan Schahriar as the major character.

This paper is divided into several steps they are, Introduction, Background of the Study, Literature Review, Problem Statement, Limitation of the Study, Objective of the Study, Benefits of the Study, Underlying Theory, Notion of Humanistic Psychological, Basic Concept of Humanistic Psychological, Structural Elements of the Movie and Theoretical Application of Humanistic Psychology, Research Method, Paper Organization, and Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M H.1988. A Glossary of Literary Term’s:Tthird Edition. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Wiston inc.

Boeree, C. George. 2008. Personality Theories: Melacak Kepribadian Anda Bersama Psikolog Dunia. Jogjakarta: Prismasophie.

Bordwell, David. Kristin Thompson. 1990. Film Art (An Introduction); Third Edition. USA: McGray. Hill. Inc.

Burger, Jerry. 1986. Personality Theories and Research. California: University of Santa Clara.

Doulass, John S.P Harnden. 1996. The Art of Technique (An Aesthetic Approach to Film and Video Production). Boston: Alynn and Bacon.

Feist, Jess. 1985. Theories of Personality. Canada: CBC College Publishing.

Hall, Calvin S. Gardner Linzey. 1985. Introduction to Theories of Personality. New York: John Willey and Sons.

Hjelle, larry. Az Zeigler, Daniel. 1992. Personality Theories; Basic Assumption, Research and application; Third Edition. USA: McGRAW Hill International Edition.

Kennedy, X J.1983. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Fiction, Poetry and Drama; Third Edition. Boston: Little Brown and Company.

Kenney, William. 1988. How to Analyze Fiction. New York. Monasch Press.

Mamer, Bruce. 2009. Film Production Technique Creating the Accomplished Image; Fifth Edition. USA: Wadsworth Cengage learning.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 1995. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.

Pervin, Lawrence A. 1984. Personality Theory and Research. US: Rutgerts.

VIRTUAL REFERENCE

http://www.jinni.com/tv/arabian-nights-2000/ Accessed at March 12^th, 2011 (15:56)

http://www.enotes.com/arabian-nights Accessed at March 10^th, 2011 (13:07)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(TV_miniseries) Accessed at March 10^th, 2011 (13:07)